copylight

copylight

Copyright is a legal concept, enacted by governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship exclusive rights to control its distribution for a certain time period, after which the work enters the public domain. Generally, it is "the right to copy", but usually provides the author with other rights as well, such as the right to be credited for the work, to determine who may adapt the work to other forms, who may perform the work, who may financially benefit from it, and other, related rights. It is an intellectual property form (like the patent, the trademark, and the trade secret) applicable to any expressible form of an idea or information that is substantive and discrete. Copyright was initially conceived as a way for governments in Europe to restrict printing; the contemporary intent of copyright is to promote the creation of new works by giving authors control of and profit from them

KM (knowledge management)

Knowledge Management (KM) comprises a range of practices used in an organisation to identify, create, represent, distribute and enable adoption of insights and experiences. Such insights and experiences comprise knowledge, either embodied in individuals or embedded in organisational processes or practice. An established discipline since 1995, KM includes courses taught in the fields of business administration, information systems, management, and library and information sciences [1]. More recently, other fields, to include those focused on information and media, computer science, public health, and public policy, also have started contributing to KM research. Many large companies and non-profit organisations have resources dedicated to internal KM efforts, often as a part of their 'Business Strategy', 'Information Technology', or 'Human Resource Management' departments [2]. Several consulting companies also exist that provide strategy and advice regarding KM to these organisations.
KM efforts typically focus on organisational objectives such as improved performance, competitive advantage, innovation, the sharing of lessons learned, and continuous improvement of the organisation. KM efforts overlap with Organisational Learning, and may be distinguished from by a greater focus on the management of knowledge as a strategic asset and a focus on encouraging the exchange of knowledge. KM efforts can help individuals and groups to share valuable organisational insights, to reduce redundant work, to avoid reinventing the wheel per se, to reduce training time for new employees, to retain intellectual capital as employees turnover in an organisation, and to adapt to changing environments and markets

Information system

Information system

History of information systems
The study of information systems originated as a sub-discipline of computer science in an attempt to understand and rationalize the management of technology within organizations. It has matured into a major field of management, that is increasingly being emphasized as an important area of research in management studies, and is taught at all major universities and business schools in the world. Börje Langefors introduced the concept of "Information Systems" at the third International Conference on Information Processing and Computer Science in New York in 1965. [4]
Information technology is a very important malleable resource available to executives.[5] Many companies have created a position of Chief Information Officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Chief Operating Officer (COO) and Chief Technical Officer (CTO).The CTO may also serve as CIO, and vice versa.

The term information system (IS) sometimes refers to a system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in an organization, and it includes the organization's manual and automated processes. Computer-based information systems are the field of study for information technology, elements of which are sometimes called an "information system" as well, a usage some consider to be incorrect

Information Technology

Information Technology

Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware." IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information.

Conputer history

Computer History Year/Enter
Computer History Inventors/Inventions
Computer History Description of Event
1936
Konrad Zuse - Z1 Computer
First freely programmable computer.
1942
John Atanasoff & Clifford Berry ABC Computer
Who was first in the computing biz is not always as easy as ABC.
1944
Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper Harvard Mark I Computer
The Harvard Mark 1 computer.
1946
John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly ENIAC 1 Computer
20,000 vacuum tubes later...
1948
Frederic Williams & Tom Kilburn Manchester Baby Computer & The Williams Tube
Baby and the Williams Tube turn on the memories.
1947/48
John Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam Shockley The Transistor
No, a transistor is not a computer, but this invention greatly affected the history of computers.
1951
John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly UNIVAC Computer
First commercial computer & able to pick presidential winners.
1953
International Business Machines IBM 701 EDPM Computer
IBM enters into 'The History of Computers'.
1954
John Backus & IBM FORTRAN Computer Programming Language
The first successful high level programming language.
1955(In Use 1959)
Stanford Research Institute, Bank of America, and General ElectricERMA and MICR
The first bank industry computer - also MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) for reading checks.
1958
Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce The Integrated Circuit
Otherwise known as 'The Chip'
1962
Steve Russell & MIT Spacewar Computer Game
The first computer game invented.
1964
Douglas Engelbart Computer Mouse & Windows
Nicknamed the mouse because the tail came out the end.
1969
ARPAnet
The original Internet.
1970
Intel 1103 Computer Memory
The world's first available dynamic RAM chip.
1971
Faggin, Hoff & Mazor Intel 4004 Computer Microprocessor
The first microprocessor.
1971
Alan Shugart &IBM The "Floppy" Disk
Nicknamed the "Floppy" for its flexibility.
1973
Robert Metcalfe & Xerox The Ethernet Computer Networking
Networking.
1974/75
Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair & IBM 5100 Computers
The first consumer computers.
1976/77
Apple I, II & TRS-80 & Commodore Pet Computers
More first consumer computers.
1978
Dan Bricklin & Bob Frankston VisiCalc Spreadsheet Software
Any product that pays for itself in two weeks is a surefire winner.
1979
Seymour Rubenstein & Rob Barnaby WordStar Software
Word Processors.
1981
IBM The IBM PC - Home Computer
From an "Acorn" grows a personal computer revolution
1981
Microsoft MS-DOS Computer Operating System
From "Quick And Dirty" comes the operating system of the century.
1983
Apple Lisa Computer
The first home computer with a GUI, graphical user interface.
1984
Apple Macintosh Computer
The more affordable home computer with a GUI.
1985
Microsoft Windows
Microsoft begins the friendly war with Apple.
SERIES
TO BE
CONTINUED

Rubric Model

Rubric Model

A rubric is a word or section of text which is written or printed in red ink to highlight it. The term derives from the Latin: rubrica, meaning red ochre or red chalk,[1] and originates in Medieval illuminated manuscripts from the 13th century or earlier. In these, red letters were used to highlight initial capitals (particularly of psalms), section headings and names of religious significance, a practice known as rubrication, which was a separate stage in the production of a manuscript.
Rubric can also mean the red ink or paint used to make rubrics, or the pigment used to make it.[2] Although red was most often used, other colours came into use from the late Middle Ages onwards, and the word rubric was used for these also.

Information literacy

Information Literacy Skills
1.Know when there is a need for information. (Comprehension)

2.Find and identify the information needed. (Comprehension and Analysis)

3.Analyze the information, (Analysis and Evaluation)

4.Organize the information, (Application)

5.Use the information effectively to address the problem or task. (Synthesis)

6.Communicate the information and evaluate the results. (Application and Evaluation)